• br Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by

  2019-10-12

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26292031. Introduction The Cys-loop receptors constitute an important superfamily of ligand-gated ion AT-101 (LGICs) and mediate synaptic transmission in both invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems (Jones et al

• Endothelins ETs are peptides expressed in both the periphera

  2019-10-12

  

  Endothelins (ETs) are peptides expressed in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems, which can contribute to sensory changes seen in animal models of inflammatory, cancer and neuropathic pain [10], [11]. All three mammalian isoforms (ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3) activate specific G protein-coupl

• The mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK pathway is a

  2019-10-12

  

  The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a highly conserved module that mediates the transduction of signals from the cell surface to the nucleus (M. Köbel et al., 2005), meanwhile, it is known to be activated by a wide array of signals ranging from growth and differentiation factors t

• br EphB as a therapeutic

  2019-10-12

  

  EphB4 as a therapeutic target in cancer Eph receptors and ephrins are promising new therapeutic targets in cancer. Various strategies have been employed to evaluate the interference of tumor-promoting effects or the enhancement of tumor suppressive effects. The inhibition of the Eph-ephrin system

• br Significance Ubl post translational modifications are pot

  2019-10-12

  

  Significance Ubl post-translational modifications are potential targets for developing novel therapeutics for life-threatening diseases, such as c-Myc- and KRas-driven cancers that lack targeted therapy. However, only a few drugs are available to target these modifications. This lack of drugs hig

• br Results br Discussion The

  2019-10-12

  

  Results Discussion The process by which MBCs differentiate from GC B cell precursors remains mostly uncharacterized, in large part because of the uncertainty surrounding the nature of the precursor Angiotensin 1/2 (1-5) within the GC. The identification here of a distinct subset of GC B cells

• Our previous studies have demonstrated that the

  2019-10-12

  

  Our previous studies have demonstrated that the DDR2 discoidin domain fully contains the binding site(s) for the fibrillar collagens I and II (Leitinger, 2003, Leitinger et al., 2004). The binding site for collagen I was mapped to three spatially adjacent surface loops within the DDR2 discoidin doma

• Our observation that nuclear but not cytoplasmic

  2019-10-11

  

  Our observation that nuclear, but not cytoplasmic EP4 expression is associated with different outcomes is interesting. In breast cancer, using the same methods, we did not detect EP4 in the nucleus of malignant Capsazepine whereas cytoplasmic EP4 was commonly observed [13]. While G protein-coupled

• The monomeric oligomeric states of DDR V His and

  2019-10-11

  

  The monomeric/oligomeric states of DDR2-V5-His and DDR2-Fc were confirmed by Western blotting under reducing and non-reducing conditions. As shown in Fig. 1b, DDR2-V5-His exhibited a relative molecular mass of ~60 kDa under both reducing and non-reducing conditions, consistent with this protein bein

• HCV has evolved mechanisms to evade humoral immune

  2019-10-11

  

  HCV has evolved mechanisms to evade humoral immune responses including high functional flexibility and variability of immunogenic portions of its envelope proteins. The highest sequence variability occurs in the first 27 63 7 of the N-terminus of E2, which is referred to as the hypervariable region

• br Materials and methods br

  2019-10-11

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion CHIKV is an important arthropod borne virus with substantial impact on global health and cause a major viral disease that requires the development of antiviral drug to combat chikungunya disease. Virus specific proteases have particularly become an a

• Introduction Quassinoids are natural products formed through

  2019-10-11

  

  Introduction Quassinoids are natural products formed through the oxidative degradation of triterpene derivatives with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, and antiplasmodial effects (Chakraborty and Pal, 2013; Houël et al., 2013). They are characteristic ingredients of the family Simar

• Sterol regulatory element binding proteins SREBPs regulate t

  2019-10-11

  

  Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) regulate transcription of genes involved in fatty Norfloxacin pathway synthesis [38] (fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase) as well as triglyceride synthesis [39]. SREBP-1 protein levels are reduced in 3T3-F442A adipocytes [40] and incr

• Population genetic summary statistics for five super and

  2019-10-11

  

  Population genetic summary statistics for five super- and 26 sub-populations, including haplotype and diplotype frequencies (analogous to allele and genotype frequencies), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities, pairwise genetic distances, and tests for detection of departures from Hardy W

• Protein deubiquitination is becoming increasingly instrument

  2019-10-10

  

  Protein deubiquitination is becoming increasingly instrumental in understanding the complexities of the Ub system. Adding to this complexity is the discovery of bacterial effectors with DUB activity that have structurally adapted themselves to interfere with the eukaryotic Ub system (Pruneda et al.,

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