• In all available E E structures the RING type

  2021-01-28

  

  In all available E2:E3 structures, the RING-type domain binds the E2 on a surface that is remote from the active site Cys (and therefore from the ubiquitin thioester) (Fig. 2). The non-contiguous E3-binding and active sites on the E2 imply that the role played by a RING to facilitate ubiquitin trans

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported by a

  2021-01-28

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by a grant from the National Center for GM Crops (PJ008152) of the Next Generation BioGreen 21 Program funded by the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, to W.T.K. Introduction Ubiquitin (Ub) has been considered as one of the most import

• This review focuses on the atomic basis

  2021-01-27

  

  This review focuses on the atomic basis of CRM1-mediated nuclear export. There are now 27 crystal structures of CRM1 in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) (www.rcsb.org) [64]. Collectively, this large body of work explains various aspects of CRM1 function. Here we summarize the structure–function studies t

• Apoptosis type I programmed cell death is considered to be

  2021-01-27

  

  Apoptosis, type I programmed cell death, is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis [[5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]] and hepatocellular carcinoma [11,12]. Apoptosis is activated by a variety of extrinsic or intrinsic pathways factors. Prev

• This study showed that ER redox disturbance

  2021-01-27

  

  This study showed that ER-redox disturbance-associated ER stress is linked to cytoplasmic chaperone signaling, including HSP90 stability and its client protein, eNOS. The highly increased PERK and IRE-1α lead to dissociation with the chaperone protein, thereby decreasing HSP90 stability (Fig. 5B). S

• TraM is one of two transfer proteins

  2021-01-27

  

  TraM is one of two transfer proteins from pIP501 T4SS that have structural similarity to the A. tumefaciens VirB8 protein (Fercher et al., 2016, Goessweiner-Mohr et al., 2013), a central member of the inner membrane complex (Bailey et al., 2006, Guglielmini et al., 2014, Trokter et al., 2014). VirB8

• Various domains of DDR have been

  2021-01-27

  

  Various domains of DDR1 have been shown to be important for receptor clustering and its oligomeric status. It is now understood that (i) dimerization [7] and higher-order oligomerization [12], [18] of the DDR1 extracellular domain (ECD) enhance its binding to collagen; (ii) DDR1 exists as non-covale

• Here we show that cpg is expressed only in the

  2021-01-27

  

  Here, we show that cpg2 is expressed only in the RTA-408 australia and encodes a protein that localizes specifically to the postsynaptic endocytic zone of excitatory synapses. We present evidence that CPG2 is a critical component of the postsynaptic endocytic pathway that mediates both constitutive

• br Conflict of interest br

  2021-01-27

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by University of Cagliari. Introduction Organophosphorous pesticides (OPs) are wildly used in the world due to high efficiency, broad spectrum and low residue, which in turn results in environmental pollution and adver

• Tn5 DNA Library for 1 ng DNA It is also meaningful to discus

  2021-01-27

  

  It is also meaningful to discuss whether VSOR Cl− channel-induced apoptosis is correlated with the ER pathway. Thus, in this study, we sought to clarify the intrinsic relationship between VSOR Cl− channels and the level of ER stress-related proteins. The research results are as follows: the expressi

• Rat pheochromocytoma PC cells have been

  2021-01-27

  

  Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells have been widely used as a cell system to study intracellular signaling leading to neurite outgrowth. The advantages of using PC12 cells in the CHK studies are the fact that they naturally express the rat form of CHK and the observation that down-regulation of CHK fun

• More than thirty enzymes with PLA activity have been describ

  2021-01-26

  

  More than thirty enzymes with PLA2 activity have been described and, based on sequence similarities, they are currently classified in 16 groups, each containing several sub-groups [16]. However, based on biochemical features these enzymes are frequently grouped into six major families: secreted pho

• In the current study we have elucidated

  2021-01-26

  

  In the current study, we have elucidated an intrinsic mechanism by which PD-1 signaling maintains Foxp3 in Tbet+iTreg and iTreg cells. The data presented here demonstrate that PD-1 can inhibit a functional nuclear pool of active asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP), an endo-lysosomal protease previously

• br Roles of DDR in

  2021-01-26

  

  Roles of DDR1 in epithelial cell differentiation Roles of DDR1 in cell migration, and invasion Dichotomous functions of DDR1 in disease progression Conclusions and perspectives The switch in Amphotericin B from DDR1 to DDR2 during EMT is another important issue. The DDRs may exert disti

• In summary the metabolism of GEF in HLM

  2021-01-26

  

  In summary, the metabolism of GEF in HLM and MLM was extensively studied using a LC–MS-based metabolomic approach. This study identified a total of 34 metabolites and adducts related to GEF (Fig. 10) and identified three new potential reactive metabolites, including two aldehydes and one iminium. Pr

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