• The estrogen receptor ER dependent signaling pathway plays a

  2021-04-07

  

  The estrogen receptor(ER)-dependent signaling pathway plays an important role in bone metabolism by restoring the balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption [21]. ER has two major isoforms, ERalpha (ER-α) and ERbeta (ER-β), which mediate the effect of estrogen and o

• Many studies reporting on discoveries of DUBs

  2021-04-07

  

  Many studies reporting on discoveries of DUBs in the TGFβ and BMP pathways have relied on RNAi strategies to investigate loss-of-function impact. While RNAi strategies are useful tools, there are limitations ranging from limited knockdowns of targets to potential off-target effects. New and better t

• Both meiotic COs and NCOs require DNA synthesis

  2021-04-07

  

  Both meiotic COs and NCOs require DNA synthesis, current data from sequencing also suggest that COs require more DNA synthesis than NCO 63., 64., 65.. However, analysis of the role of DNA synthesis in NCOs remains relatively uncharacterized. Emerging evidence points to a role for either Polδ or Polε

• br UVC induced DNA damage a model to

  2021-04-07

  

  UVC-induced DNA damage: a model to study DNA damage tolerance The UV components of sunlight that reaches the Earth surface are one of the most carcinogenic agents humans are exposed to, and the leading cause of skin cancer [4,12]. UV light causes different types of DNA damage through indirect and

• The occurrence of three Ag NORs per metaphase

  2021-04-07

  

  The occurrence of three Ag-NORs per metaphase and/or a maximum of three nucleoli per nucleus in most of the varieties may be explained by chromosomal rearrangements or unequal crossing-over events that induce the deletion of the fourth active rDNA loci. Also, the chromosome pair that showed less int

• Cytokines are small secreted proteins

  2021-04-07

  

  Cytokines are small secreted proteins that mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are produced in response to an immune stimulus. Cytokines regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response by stimulating or inhibiting the activation, proliferation, and/or diff

• Recently a sandwich cultured hepatocyte model has been

  2021-04-07

  

  Recently, a sandwich-cultured hepatocyte model has been proved to be a valuable in vitro system that maintains specific hepatic cytomorphology and function relevant to drug metabolism, disposition and toxicity, and thus, closely resembles the in vivo setting. This hepatocyte model was recognized as

• SEA0400 br Deregulation of CDK Many neurotoxic or stress con

  2021-04-07

  

  Deregulation of CDK5 Many neurotoxic or stress conditions like ischemic SEA0400 damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, excitotoxicity, Aβ exposure lead to disruption of the tight regulation of Cdk5 (De Strooper et al., 2010). Calpain-mediated cleavage of p35 to p25 is activated un

• Some studies have demonstrated that BMSCs can provide severa

  2021-04-07

  

  Some studies have demonstrated that BMSCs can provide several trophic and growth factors that play important roles in cell survival, angiogenesis, and BMSC differentiation, but not cell replacement (Peled et al., 1999, Shen et al., 2007, Ji et al., 2004). This paracrine effect of BMSCs is a potentia

• br Results br Discussion SDF performs essential

  2021-04-07

  

  Results Discussion SDF-1 performs essential roles in cell migration and proliferation, acts as neuromodulator; and is also involved in many pathological processes including human immunodeficiency virus infection, metastatic malignancy, and chronic inflammatory disorders (Feng et al., 1996, Li

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-04-07

  

  Materials and methods Acknowledgements We thank Drs. Nathan Sherer (University of Wisconsin-Madison) and Bryan Cullen (Duke University) for generous reagent gifts. The following reagent was obtained through the NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH: HIV-2ROD phage from Dr. Ron

• Different types of environmentally induced antinociception h

  2021-04-07

  

  Different types of environmentally induced antinociception have been reported in a wide range of species (e.g., Behbehani, 1995, Bolles and Fanselow, 1980, Harris, 1996, Millan, 2002, Rodgers, 1995). According to Bolles and Fanselow (1980), fear and pain are independent and competing motivational sy

• This work started from the

  2021-04-07

  

  This work started from the standard version of the CPA model [17] and investigated its known weaknesses: 1) not meeting the defined critical temperature, 2) missing the temperature dependence of pure component saturated liquid densities, 3) using an α function in the cubic term that can provide unre

• Future analysis could consider using fixed effects also

  2021-04-07

  

  Future analysis could consider using fixed effects also with the level set field, , in order to investigate which covariates explain the classification, a feature of the proposed model that we have not yet investigated. Further, multi-type point patterns may also be analyzed with the proposed model

• Introduction Prolyl hydroxylation is a widely observed post

  2021-04-07

  

  Introduction Prolyl hydroxylation is a widely observed post translational modification in collagen, an abundant animal protein. The high content (~13% per chain of the triple helical structure) of 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp,O) in collagen, togather with the natural abundance of collagen has led to the e

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