• br Introduction The vacuolar ATPases V

  2024-06-26

  

  Introduction The vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are ATP-driven proton pumps that play important roles in both normal and disease processes [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. V-ATPases within cells function in such processes as intracellular membrane traffic, protein processing and degradation, coupled transp

• Evidences have suggested that impairment of CK activity

  2024-06-26

  

  Evidences have suggested that impairment of CK activity contributes to inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activities during infectious diseases, since these ATPases are dependent of ATP, as observed by Baldissera et al. [31] in fish experimentally infected by Aeromonas caviae. We observed th

• neuron specific enolase In this study we found

  2024-06-26

  

  In this study, we found that ACL silencing is sufficient to impair myoblast differentiation and that this effect is accompanied by a decrease in MYOD early in the myogenic process and by a subsequent decline in fast MyHC protein neuron specific enolase at a later stage of differentiation (Figure 4J)

• crf1 The interaction of ATR ATRIP with RPA coated

  2024-06-26

  

  The interaction of ATR-ATRIP with RPA-coated ssDNA is sufficient for ATR-ATRIP recruitment to DNA lesions, but it is not sufficient to fully activate ATR. In response to DNA damage, the heterotrimeric ring-shaped complex 9-1-1 (RAD9-RAD1-HUS1 in humans; Ddc1-Rad17-Mec3 in S. cerevisiae) is loaded at

• In recent years the higher lipophilicity

  2024-06-26

  

  In recent years, the ‘higher lipophilicity’-thus-‘better performance’ tenet, derived from the polar paradox theory applied to micro-structured media, was challenged by novel and unexpected experimental results. In particular, the synthesis of many complete series of fatty Capsaicin esters of natura

• It has been proposed that a PrP pathogenic mechanism

  2024-06-26

  

  It has been proposed that a PrP pathogenic mechanism is a toxic gain of function secondary to the misfolding of mutated PrP. However, such a mechanism might not apply to all mutant PrP species, since some mutations had little effect on the stability and folding kinetics of PrP (Swietnicki et al., 19

• br Obstructing SNARE zippering Sharma et al demonstrated for

  2024-06-26

  

  Obstructing SNARE “zippering” Sharma et al. demonstrated for the first time that in the postmortem AD brains, the level of SNARE complex formation, which is necessary for driving synaptic vesicle fusion at the presynaptic active zone, is significantly reduced [123]. In the absence of changes in e

• In human epidermoid carcinoma A cells

  2024-06-25

  

  In human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells, 12-lipoxygenase was significantly increased in glutathione-depleted cells. The relative abundance of phospholipid hydroperoxide versus glutathione peroxidase seems to play an important role in controlling the lipoxygenase reaction [57]. It has been proposed

• The amino acids evaluated in this study represent proteinoge

  2024-06-25

  

  The amino acids evaluated in this study represent proteinogenic (amino acids that are applied in the genetic code) or even essential ones (amino acids that cannot be synthesised by the organism and need to be taken up by nutrition). Tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine, threonine and vali

• Aldose reductase ALR EC the

  2024-06-25

  

  Aldose reductase (ALR2, EC1.1.1.21), the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, is a monomeric oxidoreductase that catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds, especially glucose. In this metabolism pathway, glucose is firstly reduced to sorbitol catalyzed by ALR2 wi

• br AhR Modulators It is now well recognized that

  2024-06-25

  

  AhR Modulators It is now well recognized that ligand-activated AhR induces an immune tolerance response by acting directly on the antigen-presenting DCs and indirectly by increasing the population of immunosuppressive Tregs 24, 95, 96. In addition to inhibiting the formation or depleting the AhR

• br KYN Acts on AhR To Induce

  2024-06-25

  

  KYN Acts on AhR To Induce Tolerogenic Immunity IDO1 and TDO2 are intracellular heme-containing metalloproteins that catalyze the committing and rate-limiting step of the KYN pathway (KP) that converts the essential amino faah inhibitors tryptophan to a series of biologically active second metabo

• In the isolated right atrium activation of muscarinic recept

  2024-06-25

  

  In the isolated right atrium, activation of muscarinic receptors and adenosine receptors may block the generation of action potentials in the sinoatrial node, inducing cardiac arrest (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5) (Camara et al., 2015, Campbell et al., 1989). Physiologically, this conditio

• br Acknowledgements MC and PD

  2024-06-25

  

  Acknowledgements MC and PD were funded by the Michael J Fox Foundation (Grant ID 9969). We would like to thank Pierluigi Saba, Francesco Traccis and Barbara Tuveri for their technical assistance. Introduction In the prostate, androgens play a crucial role in normal, BPH and cancerous growth b

• br The cytochrome P enzyme

  2024-06-25

  

  The cytochrome P450 enzyme 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450) is involved in the production of the C containing androgen precursors from the C containing steroids such as the pregnanes and progestins (). Steroids such as androstenedione (AD) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are therefore synthesi

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