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Though we have proved that VA could suppress
2024-12-21
Though, we have proved that VA could suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis, the mechanisms of VA on gluconeogenesis in vivo and in vitro remain unclear. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is called an energy receptor enzyme, is widely expressed in liver and other tissues [23]. AMPK has become ano
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As described in the introductory section
2024-12-21
As described in the introductory section, the rotifer nervous system would be capable to transmit Caspase-4 Colorimetric Assay Kit in throughout its neural pathways. In addition, Clément and Amsellem (1989) and Kotikova et al. (2001) suggested acetylcholine to be important for the functioning of ro
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br Acknowledgements MC and PD were funded by the Michael
2024-12-21
Acknowledgements MC and PD were funded by the Michael J Fox Foundation (Grant ID 9969). We would like to thank Pierluigi Saba, Francesco Traccis and Barbara Tuveri for their technical assistance. Introduction In the prostate, androgens play a crucial role in normal, BPH and cancerous growth b
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The knowledge on the structure of CYP including its active
2024-12-21
The knowledge on the structure of CYP17, including its active site, provides a rationale for understanding many mutations that are found in enzyme dysfunction in clinical disease as well as the enzyme's dual hydroxylase and lyase catalytic capabilities. This knowledge will assist rational drug desig
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br Disclosure br Acknowledgement br Introduction CYP
2024-12-21
Disclosure Acknowledgement Introduction CYP17A1 is a multifunctional enzyme with both 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities and is essential for the biosynthesis of steroidal 133 2 in male testes and adrenal glands. The 17α-hydroxylase activity of CYP17A1 is involved in the conversion
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Functional implications notwithstanding the intermolecular c
2024-12-20
Functional implications notwithstanding, the intermolecular contact appears to shield the Y361 side chain (Fig. 3) from being accessible for regulation by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation as has been proposed [18,19]. It is, therefore, likely that Src kinase and PTP1B phosphatase bind to an AROM mo
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There is limited information regarding hyperargininemia inci
2024-12-20
There is limited information regarding hyperargininemia incidence or prevalence. Reports of incidence vary by an order of magnitude: 0.5 to 5.0 per million [5], [6]. A relatively large U.S. study estimated 1.1 cases per million births [7], but it used an indirect methodology that introduces uncertai
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Later on Wayner Burton Ingold Barclay
2024-12-20
Later on, Wayner, Burton, Ingold, Barclay, and Locke (1987) modified the method by using lipid to examine the ability of an antioxidant Sulfo NHS ester efficiency in labeling protect against lipid peroxidation generated by azo-compound. It was later improved using β-phycoerythrin (β-PE) as a fluore
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A key function of the
2024-12-20
A key function of the reference AFST would be to detect fungal resistance, i.e. to determine which antifungal agents are likely to be clinically inactive [2]. To this end, the epidemiological cut-off value, defined as ‘the upper end of the wild-type (WT) or beginning of the non-wild-type (NWT) MIC d
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It has been well established that shortly after systemic
2024-12-20
It has been well established that shortly after systemic inflammation, NADPH oxidase and iNOS activity were increased in the semagacestat sale and lead to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO [66]. Moreover, previous studies indicated that Ang II induced an increased level of NADPH
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br Introduction AMP activated protein kinase
2024-12-20
Introduction AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been found to be a key character against cardiovascular diseases and cellular stress. When activated by certain stress, AMPK regulates sugars and fatty acids that are good or detrimental to the heart. For example, targeting AMPK phosphorylation
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The RE compartment has been shown to be critical for
2024-12-20
The RE compartment has been shown to be critical for supplying AMPAR during LTP (Hanley, 2010; Park et al., 2004), but whether they also supply AMPAR for synaptic scaling has been less clear (Gainey et al., 2015; Tan et al., 2015). Interestingly, although an increase in μ3A is necessary for scaling,
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Most of the identified aldose reductase inhibitors
2024-12-20
Most of the identified aldose reductase inhibitors possess undesirable effects like poor pharmacokinetic properties, hypersensitivity and Steven-Johnson Syndrome [1]. However, the main side effect is the lack of selectivity relative to aldehyde reductase (ALR1, EC 1.1.1.2). ALR1 plays the important
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The aldehyde reductase AKR A and aldose reductase AKR
2024-12-20
The aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1) and aldose reductase (AKR1B1) belong to aldo-ketoreductase (AKR) superfamily catalyzing the reduction of corresponding aldehydes and ketones involved. Both the closely related enzymes AKR1A1 and AKR1B1 have 65% structural similarity and differ only at the active site.
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8-Azido-ATP br Distribution of OCT in rat brain To understan
2024-12-20
Distribution of OCT3 in rat brain To understand the potential roles of this corticosterone-sensitive monoamine clearance mechanism in the regulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission and behavior, and its potential contribution to corticosteroid actions on behavior, we examined the rostrocaudal